Technology used for communication between cluster heads and base stations

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Technology used for communication between cluster heads and base stations

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RRH vs. Traditional Base Stations: A Comparison

This article explores the differences between Remote Radio Head (RRH) based base stations and traditional base station architectures, commonly used in cellular communication systems.

Base station and cluster head distributions.

Download scientific diagram | Base station and cluster head distributions. from publication: A New Energy Efficient Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient

A Survey on Cluster Head Selection and Cluster Formation

In this work, we comprehensively reviewed various nonmetaheuristic and metaheuristic methods for CH selection and cluster formation that are used in networks from various environmental

Cluster-based Communication Protocol for Load-Balancing in

The cluster-heads use the CSMA/CA MAC protocol to transmit the aggregated data to the base station. Each cluster-head sends the data to its parent-cluster-head.

Multi-Hop Data Communication for Cluster based Wireless

In some clustering schemes, the communication between a cluster member and its cluster head (CH) is supposed to be single-hop. However, multihop communication is often required as

Multi-Hop Routing-Based Optimization of the Number of Cluster

We observe that a local cluster made by a cluster-head influences the energy consumption of sensor nodes. We determined an equation for the number of packets to send

Optimal cluster head localization for cluster-based wireless

Cluster- based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) arranges the network into groups called clusters where one Cluster Head (CH) is selected to manage the communication activities inside the

Optimal Cluster Head Positioning Algorithm for

Excitingly, the algorithm is extended to consider the inter-cluster communication between CH nodes belonging to different clusters and

Implementing Dual Base Stations within an IoT Network for

The IoT networks for implementing mission-critical applications need a layer to effect remote communication between the cluster heads and the microcontrollers. Remote

Distributed Dynamic Cluster-Head Selection and

The literature [20] proposes a scheme using clustering and relaying ideas: intra-cluster communication relies on a multiphase Carrier Sense Multiple

A Survey on Cluster Head Selection and Cluster

In this work, we comprehensively reviewed various nonmetaheuristic and metaheuristic methods for CH selection and cluster formation that are used in

Multi-Hop Data Communication for Cluster based Wireless

Therefore cluster heads should send data to base station using multihop communication. Most important research issue regarding cluster based protocols is that how to form clusters to

Starlink Network Architecture: User Terminal, Satellite, Ground Station

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has authorized the use of specific radio frequencies for these ground station communication systems, ensuring efficient

Cluster Communication

Cluster communication refers to the interaction among nodes within a cluster, typically involving single-hop communication where member nodes transmit data to a cluster head (CH) during

Distributed Dynamic Cluster-Head Selection and Clustering for

The literature [20] proposes a scheme using clustering and relaying ideas: intra-cluster communication relies on a multiphase Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance

(PDF) Optimal Cluster Head Positioning Algorithm for

Excitingly, the algorithm is extended to consider the inter-cluster communication between CH nodes belonging to different clusters and

Energy efficient inter-cluster multi-hop communication routing

In this study, we present an energy-efficient multi-hop inter-cluster communication mechanism between the cluster head and base station to extend the lifetime and energy

Unraveling the Mysteries of Cell Towers and Base

In the ever-evolving landscape of mobile communications, understanding the intricacies of cell sites, cell towers, and base stations is crucial. These terms,

Implementing Dual Base Stations within an IoT

The IoT networks for implementing mission-critical applications need a layer to effect remote communication between the cluster heads and

base station in 5g

A 5G base station is a complex system that integrates advanced RF technology, digital signal processing, and network architecture to deliver high-performance wireless

Implementation of Multi-hop Cluster based Routing Protocol

Many researches dedicate to energy efficient routing of WSNs [7-10], but most of them care less about the communication between Cluster Head (CH) nodes and Base Station (BS). In this

Optimal Cluster Head Positioning Algorithm for Wireless Sensor

Nodes'' clustering is a widely used technique in WSNs, where the sensor nodes are grouped into clusters. Each cluster has a cluster head (CH) that is used to gather captured

Energy efficient cluster routing protocol for wireless sensor

In the process of cluster head selection, the computation involves assessing the distance between each node and the base station (BS), resulting in a time complexity of N.

Energy efficient inter-cluster multi-hop communication routing

Wireless sensor network nodes are small, non-rechargeable devices powered by batteries with limited energy supplies. When using multi-hop communication, data is sent over

Improving Data Communication of Wireless Sensor Network

Energy, delay and distance are the most important parameters in the WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) suitable for cluster head selection. Only the neighboring terminals

Multi-Hop Routing-Based Optimization of the Number of Cluster-Heads

We observe that a local cluster made by a cluster-head influences the energy consumption of sensor nodes. We determined an equation for the number of packets to send

How do clusterhead and member nodes communicate?

Clusterhead and member nodes communicate regularly among themselves, and these are called intra-cluster communications. The gateway nodes, which are the member nodes located at the fringe of a cluster, can hear from neighboring clusters, and so they provide inter-cluster communications.

How do cluster-heads reduce the amount of data sent to the base station?

To reduce the amount of data to be transmitted to the base station, the cluster-heads aggregate the data received from the sensor nodes. In LEACH, the data is sent directly to the base station while in our protocol, it is sent from cluster-head to cluster-head until the base station.

What is a cluster based network?

The aim is to work efficiently like an infrastructure-based network and be appropriately managed by making topology less dynamic. In the cluster, a node responsible for Intra- and inter-cluster communication is known as cluster head, whereas the other nodes that share their data to cluster head for communication are called cluster members.

What is clustering & how does it work?

Clustering needs proper information flow to help in managing nodes to optimize the network resources. The fundamental steps include formation, maintenance, and the management of the cluster. To this end, various evaluation metrics are considered in the formation process to select the optimal cluster head that prolongs the cluster life.

How do sensor nodes send data to cluster-heads?

In both protocols, the sensor nodes send data to the cluster-heads over a single-hop. To reduce the amount of data to be transmitted to the base station, the cluster-heads aggregate the data received from the sensor nodes.

What is clustering based communication mode?

The clustering-based communication mode is considered as the most suitable communication mode for the wireless sensor networks. Clustering consists in selecting a set of cluster-heads from the set of sensor nodes and then regrouping the remaining sensor nodes around the cluster-heads.